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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

You probably already know that different varieties produce different flavors. Learn more about four of the most well-known varieties: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans are a kind of Liberica that is only grown in Southeast Asia. They have a tangier, more tart flavor profile and are often used in blends of beans to give them added depth.

Arabica

Arabica coffee beans comprise 75% of the global production. Arabica beans are softer and sweeter than Robusta and come in various flavour profiles. The taste and aroma components of a coffee can vary in a wide range depending on the cultivation conditions and processing methods employed to make it.

The word "coffee" is derived from the Arabic word meaning berry. Coffee beans are actually seeds which grow within bright red berries. It is believed ancient Ethiopian shepherds noticed that their goats were stimulated by eating berries. The cultivation of coffee grew rapidly across the globe.

Coffee beans can be grown at higher altitudes, and they are capable of thriving when exposed to cold temperatures and plenty of rain. This is why Arabica coffee is believed to be the best tasting type of coffee.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters concentrate on the ethical sourcing of arabica beans. They focus on fair wages for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies blend arabica beans to create unique specialty coffees, which can be used in a variety of brewing methods. Blending gives control over the aroma, taste and body, as well as the acidity of coffee. It is typically utilized to create a consistent and balanced flavor that is appealing to a broad audience.

Robusta

Robusta beans (Coffea canephora) are the second most popular type of coffee bean grown across the globe. They contain more caffeine per bean and are more resistant against pests and diseases. They also contain more chlorogenic acids, which are naturally-occurring antioxidants. However, these acids can cause oxidation during the process of brewing coffee and can cause undesirable flavors.

The plant itself is more resilient than arabica, and can grow in less favorable climate conditions and at lower elevations. It can tolerate warmer temperatures and thrives in direct sunlight. It produces more coffee per plant and is growing faster than arabica. This makes it a cost effective crop to grow.

Although it might seem odd, Robusta beans are often combined with arabica to create coffee blends. If you've noticed the names of countries like Uganda or Kenya listed on a bag of coffee it's likely there's some robusta too.

While some roasters exclusively use arabica beans, the majority of roasters use a mix of the two varieties to reduce costs and preserve the quality. To ensure the integrity of the flavor you should select the highest quality beans from a trusted source. This can be accomplished by purchasing your beans directly from the farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans have a shape like a football, which is what makes them distinct from other types of coffee beans. They have a distinctive aroma that is fruity and floral with the smoky notes. They are often blended with other coffee bean varieties to add a fuller, more robust flavor.

Liberica coffee beans are available in West Africa, Malaysia (Borneo), and Southeast Asia. They can be found at low altitudes and tolerate hot, humid climates. They are also more resistant to diseases than Arabica or Robusta.

These qualities make them ideal for growing at home. Online, you can buy the seeds from many sources. However, it is best to buy the beans from local producers to guarantee quality. The best conditions for growing Liberica coffee include fertile, deep volcano soils with a pH that is moderately acidic as well as sufficient annual rainfall.

Another type of coffee bean is Excelsa which was previously considered a separate species but was re-classified as a subspecies of Liberica. These coffee beans are ovals that are grown on large 20 to 30-foot coffee plants that are situated at medium altitudes. They have a distinct taste that is both fruity and tart that has made them a sought-after choice for blends in house. They are also lighter in scent and caffeine than Arabica and Robusta yet still possess a unique quality of flavor.

Excelsa

Although they're the fourth-most popular kind of coffee beans, Excelsa beans aren't as easily accessible as Arabica or Robusta. They were actually regarded as distinct species of coffee up until 2006, at which point they were reclassified to be a synonym for Coffea Liberica var. dewevrei. Nowadays, they're grown mostly in Southeast Asia and account for 7 percent of the world's coffee production. The coffee beans are shaped in the shape of teardrops and possess a dark, eerie taste. They're frequently used in blends to add extra body and a delicious, tart, ripened fruit taste.

Arabica beans are the most popular and are renowned for their a sweeter taste. They thrive at high altitudes and have warm, tropical climates. They also have a hint of acidity. When roasted and brewed correctly they can be flavored like chocolate, nuts or even fruit.

Robusta is the second most popular coffee worldwide, and is responsible for around 40% of the coffee consumed globally. coffeee.uk are rounder and smaller, but contain twice as much caffeine as Arabica. They are also bitterer than the other two varieties and have a woody, earthy taste.

Now that you've learned the four most popular types of coffee beans, it's time to choose the perfect cup. If you prefer an elegant and delicate taste, choose an arabica bean or a blend of arabica beans and robusta beans.